Txoj Cai Suab
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev sau cov hlab ntshav yog kos cov ntshav sau cov raj kuaj lub raj nrog lub hau rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev sib txawv ua ntej, thiab siv nws lub siab tsis zoo los txiav txim siab ntau thiab sau cov ntshav venous. Ib qho kawg ntawm rab koob sau ntshav yog muab tso rau hauv tib neeg cov leeg thiab lwm qhov kawg yog muab tso rau hauv cov roj hmab ntsaws ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev nqus ntshav. Cov ntshav tib neeg cov ntshav tau nkag mus rau hauv lub thawv ntim ntshav los ntawm cov koob tshuaj ntshav nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim siab tsis zoo nyob rau hauv lub tshuab nqus tsev nqus cov hlab ntshav, thiab nyob rau hauv ib qho venous puncture, ntau lub raj tuaj yeem khaws tsis tau. Qhov ntim ntawm lub lumen txuas nrog rab koob sau ntshav yog me me, thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov ntim ntawm cov ntshav sau yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, tab sis qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev thim rov qab yog qhov tsawg. Yog hais tias qhov ntim ntawm lub lumen yog qhov loj, ib feem ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev ntawm cov hlab ntim cov ntshav yuav tau noj, yog li txo qhov ntim ntim.
1. Ordinary serum tube liab cap
Lub raj ntim cov ntshav tsis muaj cov tshuaj ntxiv, tsis muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab cov khoom ua kom nrawm, thiab tsuas yog muaj lub tshuab nqus tsev. Nws yog siv rau niaj hnub serum biochemistry, ntshav txhab nyiaj thiab serology ntsig txog kev kuaj, ntau yam kev kuaj biochemical thiab kev tiv thaiv kab mob, xws li mob syphilis, kab mob siab B kom muaj nuj nqis, thiab lwm yam, tsis tas yuav co tom qab ntshav. Hom kev npaj cov qauv yog cov ntshav. Tom qab nqus cov ntshav, nws muab tso rau hauv ib da dej ntawm 37 ° C rau ntau tshaj 30 feeb, centrifuged, thiab cov ntshav siab yog siv rau tom qab siv.
2. Fast serum tube txiv kab ntxwv lub taub hau cap
Muaj cov coagulant nyob rau hauv cov ntshav sau raj kom ceev cov txheej txheem coagulation. Cov hlab ntsha ceev ceev tuaj yeem coagulate cov ntshav sau hauv 5 feeb. Nws yog qhov tsim nyog rau kev kuaj ntshav thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev. Nws yog feem ntau siv procoagulant xeem raj rau txhua hnub biochemistry, kev tiv thaiv kab mob, ntshav, tshuaj hormones, thiab lwm yam., tom qab nqus cov ntshav, invert thiab sib tov 5-8 zaug, nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub thaum nws tsis tshua muaj, muab tso rau hauv ib da dej 37 ℃. rau 10-20min, thiab centrifuge lub sab sauv rau tom qab siv.
3. Lub hau kub ntawm lub inert sib cais gel accelerating raj
Inert sib cais gel thiab coagulant ntxiv rau hauv cov hlab ntshav. Cov qauv tseem nyob ruaj khov hauv 48 teev tom qab centrifugation. Cov coagulant tuaj yeem ua kom lub coagulation mechanism sai sai thiab ua kom cov txheej txheem coagulation. Hom qauv npaj yog cov ntshav, uas yog tsim rau thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev biochemical kuaj thiab tshuaj pharmacokinetic. Tom qab sau, sib tov los ntawm inversion rau 5-8 zaug, sawv ntsug rau 20-30 feeb, thiab centrifuge tus supernatant rau tom qab siv.
4. Sodium citrate erythrocyte sedimentation rate test tube nrog lub hau dub
Cov concentration ntawm sodium citrate xav tau los ntawm kev ntsuas erythrocyte sedimentation tus nqi yog 3.2% (sib npaug rau 0.109mol / L), thiab qhov piv ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov ntshav yog 1: 4. Muaj 0.4mL ntawm 3.8% sodium citrate, kos ntshav rau 2.0ml. Qhov no yog ib lub raj tshwj xeeb rau erythrocyte sedimentation tus nqi. Hom qauv yog plasma. Nws yog haum rau erythrocyte sedimentation tus nqi. Tam sim ntawd tom qab kos cov ntshav, sib tov nws upside down thiab sib tov 5-8 zaug. Co zoo ua ntej siv. Qhov sib txawv ntawm nws thiab cov raj rau kev kuaj coagulation yog qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv coagulant thiab cov ntshav sib txawv, uas yuav tsum tsis txhob tsis meej pem.
5. Sodium citrate coagulation kuaj raj lub teeb xiav cap
Sodium citrate plays cov nyhuv anticoagulant feem ntau los ntawm chelating nrog calcium ions hauv cov ntshav kuaj. Lub anticoagulant concentration pom zoo los ntawm National Clinical Laboratory Standardization Committee yog 3.2% los yog 3.8% (sib npaug rau 0.109mol / L los yog 0.129mol / L), thiab qhov piv ntawm anticoagulant rau ntshav yog 1: 9. Lub tshuab nqus tsev sau cov ntshav muaj li 0.2ml ntawm 3.2% sodium citrate anticoagulant, thiab cov ntshav tau sau rau 2.0ml. Hom kev npaj cov qauv yog tag nrho cov ntshav los yog plasma. Tam sim ntawd tom qab sau, nws yog inverted thiab tov rau 5-8 zaug. Tom qab centrifugation, lub plasma sab saud raug coj mus siv. Nws yog tsim rau coagulation test, PT, APTT, coagulation yam tshuaj xyuas.
6. Ntsuab cap ntawm heparin anticoagulation raj
Heparin ntxiv rau hauv cov hlab ntshav. Heparin ncaj qha muaj cov txiaj ntsig ntawm antithrombin, uas tuaj yeem ua rau lub sijhawm ua ntshav khov ntawm cov qauv. Siv thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev thiab feem ntau cov kev sim biochemical, xws li lub siab ua haujlwm, lub raum ua haujlwm, ntshav lipids, ntshav qab zib, thiab lwm yam. Nws yog tsim rau kev kuaj ntshav liab fragility, kuaj ntshav roj, kuaj hematocrit, erythrocyte sedimentation tus nqi thiab kev txiav txim siab dav dav biochemical. Nws tsis haum rau kev kuaj ntshav coagulation. Cov tshuaj heparin ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau muaj cov qe ntshav dawb thiab tsis tuaj yeem siv los suav cov qe ntshav dawb. Nws tsis haum rau kev faib cov qe ntshav dawb vim tias nws tuaj yeem stain cov ntshav hla nrog lub teeb xiav tom qab. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau hemorheology. Hom qauv yog plasma. Tam sim ntawd tom qab cov ntshav tau sau, nws yog inverted thiab sib tov 5-8 zaug, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm plasma yog coj los siv.
7. Lub teeb ntsuab cap rau plasma separator raj
Ntxiv lithium heparin anticoagulant rau hauv inert kev sib cais hose tuaj yeem ua tiav lub hom phiaj ntawm kev sib cais ntawm plasma sai. Nws yog qhov kev xaiv zoo tshaj plaws rau kev kuaj electrolyte. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem siv rau kev kuaj ntshav plasma biochemical niaj hnub thiab kuaj ntshav plasma biochemical thaum muaj xwm txheej xws li ICU. Siv thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev thiab feem ntau cov kev sim biochemical, xws li lub siab ua haujlwm, lub raum ua haujlwm, cov ntshav lipids, ntshav qab zib, thiab lwm yam. Cov qauv ntshav tuaj yeem muab tso ncaj qha rau ntawm lub tshuab thiab khaws cia ruaj khov rau 48 teev hauv tub yees. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau hemorheology. Hom qauv yog plasma. Tam sim ntawd tom qab cov ntshav tau sau, nws yog inverted thiab sib tov 5-8 zaug, thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm plasma yog coj los siv.
8. Potassium oxalate/sodium fluoride grey hau hau
Sodium fluoride yog ib qho tsis muaj zog tiv thaiv coagulant. Nws feem ntau yog siv ua ke nrog potassium oxalate lossis sodium diiodate. Qhov piv yog 1 feem ntawm sodium fluoride thiab 3 qhov chaw ntawm potassium oxalate. 4mg ntawm qhov sib xyaw no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv 1ml ntawm cov ntshav los ntawm coagulating thiab inhibit qab zib decomposition hauv 23 hnub. Nws tsis tuaj yeem siv rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm urea los ntawm txoj kev urease, thiab nws tsis siv rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm alkaline phosphatase thiab amylase. Nws raug pom zoo rau kev kuaj ntshav qabzib. Muaj sodium fluoride lossis potassium oxalate lossis disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA-Na) tshuaj tsuag, uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam kev ua haujlwm enolase hauv cov piam thaj metabolism. Tom qab cov ntshav kos, invert thiab sib tov rau 5-8 zaug. Tom qab centrifugation, coj lub supernatant Liquid plasma yog lub raj tshwj xeeb rau kev txiav txim siab ntshav qabzib sai.
9. EDTA anticoagulation raj ntshav lub taub hau npog
Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, molecular yuag 292) thiab nws cov ntsev yog cov amino polycarboxylic acids, tsim nyog rau kev kuaj hematology, thiab thawj qhov kev xaiv rau cov ntshav niaj hnub, glycosylated hemoglobin, thiab ntshav kuaj ntshav. Nws tsis haum rau kev kuaj coagulation thiab platelet muaj nuj nqi. Nws kuj tsis haum rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm calcium ion, potassium ion, sodium ion, hlau ion, alkaline phosphatase, creatine kinase thiab leucine aminopeptidase. Nws yog haum rau kev kuaj PCR. Txau 100ml ntawm 2.7% EDTA-K2 tov rau ntawm phab ntsa sab hauv ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev, tshuab ziab ntawm 45 ° C, sau cov ntshav mus rau 2ml, thiab tam sim ntawd sib tov nws upside down 5-8 zaug tom qab cov ntshav tau kos, thiab sib tov zoo rau tom qab siv. Hom qauv yog tag nrho cov ntshav, uas yuav tsum tau tov ua ntej siv.
Nco Lub Suab
1. Kev xaiv thiab kev txhaj tshuaj ib ntus ntawm lub tshuab nqus cov ntshav
Raws li cov khoom kuaj, xaiv lub raj xa mus. Cov ntshav txhaj tshuaj ib ntus yog lub raj mis kab lis kev cai, lub raj tshuaj zoo tib yam, lub raj tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv coagulant, thiab lub raj tshuaj uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv coagulant. Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev ua raws li cov kab ke no yog kom txo qis qhov kev soj ntsuam yuam kev tshwm sim los ntawm kev sau cov qauv. Kev faib cov ntshav ib ntus: ①Cov txheej txheem ntawm kev siv cov iav kuaj cov raj: cov raj kuaj ntshav kab lis kev cai, cov hlab ntshav tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv coagulant, cov raj tshuaj sodium citrate anticoagulant, thiab lwm cov raj tshuaj tiv thaiv coagulant. ②Kev siv cov raj yas kuaj: ntshav kab lis kev cai kuaj tube (daj), sodium citrate anticoagulation test tube (xiav), cov hlab ntshav nrog lossis tsis muaj ntshav coagulation activator lossis gel cais, gel nrog lossis tsis muaj gel Heparin raj (ntsuab), EDTA anticoagulation raj (liab), lub raj kuaj nrog qabzib decomposition inhibitor (grey).
2. Qhov chaw sau ntshav thiab lub cev
Cov menyuam mos thiab cov menyuam yaus tuaj yeem nqa cov ntshav los ntawm sab hauv thiab sab nraud ntawm tus ntiv tes xoo lossis pob taws raws li txoj kev pom zoo los ntawm Lub Koom Haum Saib Xyuas Kev Noj Qab Haus Huv (World Health Organization), nyiam dua lub taub hau thiab cov hlab ntsha jugular lossis bregma vein. Cov neeg laus xaiv qhov nruab nrab lub luj tshib leeg, nraub qaum ntawm tes, thiab lub dab teg sib koom ua ke yam tsis muaj congestion thiab edema. Cov leeg ntawm ib tus neeg mob yog nyob rau sab nraub qaum ntawm lub luj tshib. Cov neeg mob sab nraud feem ntau siv txoj haujlwm zaum, thaum cov neeg mob hauv pawg ntseeg coj txoj haujlwm dag. Hais kom tus neeg mob so kom txaus thaum noj ntshav, ua kom ib puag ncig sov, tiv thaiv cov hlab ntsha, lub sijhawm tswj xyuas yuav tsum tsis txhob ntev dhau, tsis txhob pats caj npab, txwv tsis pub nws yuav ua rau cov ntshav hauv zos los yog qhib lub coagulation system. Sim xaiv cov hlab ntsha tuab, yooj yim kho cov hlab ntsha rau puncture, kom ntseeg tau tias ib rab koob pom ntshav. Lub kaum sab xis yog feem ntau 20-30 °. Tom qab pom cov ntshav rov qab los, txav mus rau pem hauv ntej me ntsis hauv qhov sib npaug, thiab tom qab ntawd muab tso rau ntawm lub tshuab nqus tsev. Hauv qee tus neeg mob, ntshav siab qis. Tom qab qhov puncture, cov ntshav rov tsis pom, tab sis tom qab muab lub raj tsis zoo, cov ntshav ntws tawm hauv homeopathically.
3. Ua tib zoo xyuas lub sij hawm siv tau ntawm cov hlab ntshav
Nws yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm siv tau, thiab nws yuav tsum tsis txhob siv thaum muaj cov khoom txawv teb chaws los yog deposits nyob rau hauv lub raj sau ntshav.
4. Muab lub barcode kom raug
Ua raws li tus kws kho mob' cov lus qhia kom luam cov barcode, thiab muab tshuaj txhuam rau pem hauv ntej tom qab kuaj xyuas, thiab barcode tsis tuaj yeem npog qhov ntsuas ntawm lub raj ntim ntshav.
5. Kev tshuaj xyuas raws sijhawm
Tom qab kuaj ntshav tau sau, lawv yuav tsum tau xa mus kuaj hauv 2 teev kom txo qis qhov cuam tshuam. Tsis txhob muaj lub teeb muaj zog, cua, nag, Frost, kub siab, co, thiab hemolysis thaum xa mus rau kev tshuaj xyuas.
6. Cia kub
Qhov chaw khaws cia kub ntawm lub raj xa dej yog 4-25 ℃. Yog tias qhov ntsuas kub ntawm 0 ℃ lossis qis dua, nws tuaj yeem ua rau lub raj xa dej tawg.
7. Lub tes tsho tiv thaiv latex
Lub tes tsho latex ntawm qhov kawg ntawm rab koob tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov ntshav kom tsis txhob kis mus rau qhov chaw ib puag ncig tom qab tshem cov hlab ntshav, thiab ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev sib khi cov ntshav kom tsis txhob muaj kuab paug ib puag ncig. Lub tes tsho latex yuav tsum tsis txhob muab tshem tawm. Thaum sau cov ntshav kuaj hauv ntau lub raj, cov roj hmab ntawm rab koob kuaj ntshav yuav puas. Yog hais tias nws puas lawm, ua rau cov ntshav nchuav, nws yuav tsum tau adsorbed ua ntej, thiab ces disinfected.
