Centrifuge yog dav siv nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj, roj av, zaub mov, tshuaj, mineral ua, thee, dej kho thiab shipbuilding sectors. 1. Kev faib tawm centrifuge
Cov centrifuges feem ntau muab faib ua lim centrifuges thiab sedimentation centrifuges.
Cov ntsiab cai tseem ceeb ntawm lub taub lim centrifuge yog rau accelerate lub kua theem nyob rau hauv lub tau kua sib tov tawm ntawm lub nruas los ntawm cov centrifugal quab yuam generated los ntawm cov high-ceev yam centrifugal nruas (nrog tsim nyog lim cov ntaub ntawv uas), thaum tawm hauv cov khoom rau theem nyob hauv lub nruas. , kom ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib cais cov khib nyiab thiab kua, lossis feem ntau hu ua lub cev qhuav dej.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm decanter centrifuge yog kom ceev cov sedimentation ceev ntawm qhov sib txawv tshwj xeeb lub ntiajteb txawj nqus Cheebtsam (khoom khov theem los yog kua theem) nyob rau hauv cov kua sib tov los ntawm lub zog centrifugal quab yuam generated los ntawm high-ceev kev sib hloov ntawm lub rotor, thiab cais cov cov khoom nrog sib txawv sedimentation coefficients thiab buoyancy ntom nyob rau hauv cov qauv. 2. Laboratory centrifuge
Kev sim centrifuge yog ib qho cuab yeej siv lub zog centrifugal uas tsim los ntawm lub rotor rotor cais cov khoom sib txawv nrog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov sib txawv thiab qhov sib txawv me me hauv kev ncua lossis emulsion, lossis tshuaj ntsuam tib lub sijhawm thaum sib cais.
Kev faib tawm: Feem ntau siv hluav taws xob centrifuges nyob rau hauv lub chaw soj nstuam muaj xws li qis-ceev, high-ceev centrifuges, qis-ceev, high-ceev refrigerated centrifuges, thiab ultra-ceev tsom xam thiab npaj dual-siv refrigerated centrifuges. Ntawm lawv, qis-ceev (nrog rau lub peev xwm loj) centrifuges thiab high-speed refrigerated centrifuges yog cov siv dav tshaj plaws. 2.1 Tsawg ceev centrifuge
Tsawg-ceev centrifuge yog ib qho cuab yeej siv rau centrifugal nag lossis daus hauv chav kuaj. Nws muaj qhov zoo ntawm kev ua haujlwm ruaj khov, siv tau yooj yim, kev ntseeg siab, thiab kev saib xyuas yooj yim. Nws yog dav siv nyob rau hauv kev kho mob tshuaj, biochemistry, immunology, ntshav noj thiab lwm yam teb. Lub centrifuge qis qis muaj cov qauv yooj yim thiab tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: me me desktop thiab pem teb hom. Nws yog txawm peem rau nrog ib tug tsav lub cev muaj zog, ib tug ceev regulator, timer thiab lwm yam khoom siv, uas yog ib qho yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam.
Qhov ceev ntawm qhov qis-ceev centrifuge feem ntau tsis tshaj 4000rpm, qhov ceev feem ntau tsis tshaj 4000rpm, thiab lub peev xwm siab tshaj plaws yog 2-4L. Lub chaw soj nstuam feem ntau yog siv rau kev sib cais thawj zaug thiab tshem tawm cov khoom loj ntawm cov roj ntsha macromolecules thiab sediments.
Lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev ua haujlwm centrifuge
Thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm centrifugal, lub thawv centrifuge uas muaj tib qhov ntsuas cawv tau muab tso rau hauv lub khob dai ib ncig ntawm lub rotor, thiab cov cawv xeem tau sib cais los ntawm lub zog centrifugal tsim los ntawm kev sib hloov ceev ntawm lub cev muaj zog thiab lub rotor. Tus txheeb ze centrifugal quab yuam (RCF) nyob ntawm lub vojvoog ntawm kev sib hloov ntawm cov qauv thaum centrifugation thiab ceev n. Nws cov mis laij lej yog raws li nram no:
RCF=l.U8X10-5Xn2Xr (Xg) (1)
mis nyuj:
n txhais tau tias ceev (r/min)
r Rotation vojvoog (cm)
ga unit ntawm gravitational acceleration (9.8 Newtons / kg)
Lub sijhawm T xav tau rau kev sib cais thiab nag lossis daus ntawm cov khoom hauv cov cawv sib xyaw yog xam los ntawm cov qauv hauv qab no:
T=21. 4X(lnRmax-lnRmin)|^ (min) (2)
n2 r 2(0-P)
mis nyuj:
P sib xyaw ua kua ntom ntom (g / cm3)
K-mixed wine viscosity (P)
n Ceev (r/min)
r Rotor vojvoog (cm)
. Particle ceev (g / cm3)
Rmax Qhov kab rov tav nyob deb ntawm hauv qab ntawm qhov ntsuas centrifugal mus rau axis (cm)
Laboratory centrifuge kev khiav hauj lwm thiab siv cov txheej txheem
Lub rooj ua haujlwm ntawm L tabletop high-speed centrifuge yuav tsum tiaj tus thiab ruaj khov, thiab chav ua haujlwm yuav tsum zoo huv si thiab huv si, qhuav thiab zoo ventilated.
Xyuas seb lub qhov rooj tswj qhov ceev ntawm lub centrifuge qis yog nyob rau ntawm xoom txoj hauj lwm, seb lub raj sab nrauv puas zoo lawm thiab muaj cov roj hmab ncoo.
Qhib lub hau centrifugal thiab so ntxuav lub puab kab noj hniav thiab rotor.
Hloov cov khoom siv centrifuged mus rau hauv lub raj centrifuge, tus nqi yuav tsum yog 1 ~ 2cm deb ntawm qhov qhib lub plawv raj, thiaj li tsis txhob muab pov tseg thaum lub sij hawm centrifugation.
Muab lub raj centrifuge rau centrifuged rau ntawm lub platform nplai kom sib npaug, thiab tso lub raj sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm txoj haujlwm ntawm tus ntoo khaub lig rotor ntawm lub centrifuge.
Kaw lub hau thiab qhib lub hwj chim.
Teem lub sijhawm.
Xaiv lub centrifugal ceev, tom qab lub centrifuge nres rotating los ntawm nws tus kheej, qhib lub hau kom tso cov qauv centrifuged.
Kev ceev faj rau chav centrifuges
Tam sim no, hluav taws xob centrifuges feem ntau siv hauv chav kuaj. Lub rotating ceev ntawm hluav taws xob centrifuges yog ceev. Ua tib zoo saib xyuas kev nyab xeeb. Tshwj xeeb, tiv thaiv lub centrifuge los ntawm kev txav mus los thaum ua haujlwm vim qhov tsis sib xws lossis kev laus ntawm qhov ntsuas lub ntsuas phoo thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntawm lub centrifuge. Thaum lub raj centrifuge tawg vim kev vibration thaum lub raj centrifuge poob los ntawm lub rooj ntev zaum los yog lub hau tsis npog, cov iav fragments spun tawm, ua rau muaj kev huam yuaj. Yog li ntawd, thaum siv lub centrifuge, koj yuav tsum xyuam xim rau cov haujlwm hauv qab no:
(1) Muaj cov paj rwb lossis lub raj xa dej hauv qab ntawm lub casing ntawm lub tshuab Gaoxin; nco ntsoov xyuas lub rotor thiab lub centrifuge raj siv nyob rau hauv qhov kev sim rau cov kab nrib pleb, kev laus, thiab lwm yam, yog tias muaj kev sib txuas, nws yuav tsum tau hloov raws sijhawm.
(2) Yog hais tias lub tshuab hluav taws xob centrifuge tsis nrov lossis lub cev vibrates, lub zog hluav taws xob yuav tsum raug txiav tam sim ntawd, thiab qhov txhaum yuav tsum raug tshem tawm raws sijhawm.
Laboratory centrifuge kev kho
Tsis txhob muab cov khoom tso rau ntawm lub hau centrifuge. Tom qab txhua qhov kev siv, nco ntsoov ntxuav lub puab kab noj hniav thiab rotor.
Yog hais tias lub desktop high-speed centrifuge tsis tau siv rau lub sijhawm ntev, lub centrifuge npog yuav tsum tau qhib rau lub sijhawm ua ntej siv, thiab cov kab noj hniav sab hauv yuav tsum tau qhuav.
Nws yog ib txwm ua rau lub centrifuge hnav tawm tom qab siv mus ntev.
Tso lub raj centrifuge tam sim tom qab siv.
Basic paub txog centrifuge
Centrifuge, raws li qhov loj ntawm qhov ua haujlwm, feem ntau yog xaiv los ntawm ob yam: ceev thiab muaj peev xwm. Cov hauv qab no yog cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws rau ntau qhov kev nkag siab ntawm centrifuges:
⑴ Kev sib hloov ceev: Lub centrifuge tau muab faib ua qis-ceev centrifuge (.0000 rpm / min), high-speed centrifuge (1 0000 rpm / min-30000 rpm / min), thiab ultra-high-speed centrifuge (> ; 30000 rpm / min) raws li qhov siab tshaj plaws ceev. , Txhua lub centrifuge muaj qhov ntsuas siab tshaj plaws. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ceev yog hais txog qhov ceev nyob rau hauv tsis muaj kev thauj khoom, tab sis qhov siab tshaj plaws ceev sib txawv raws li hom rotor thiab qhov loj ntawm cov qauv. Piv txwv li: qhov ntsuas ceev ntawm lub centrifuge yog 16000 rpm / min, uas txhais tau hais tias lub rotor tig 16000 zaug ib feeb thaum tsis muaj load. Tom qab ntxiv cov qauv, qhov ceev yuav twv yuav raug qis dua 16000 rpm / mino. Qhov siab tshaj plaws ceev kuj tseem sib txawv (1) Ib qho centrifuge tuaj yeem tuaj yeem nruab nrog ntau lub rotors), qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm qhov kev xaiv centrifuge yog siab tshaj lub hom phiaj ceev. Piv txwv li: lub hom phiaj ceev yog 16000 rpm / min, qhov siab tshaj plaws ceev ntawm cov centrifuge xaiv yuav tsum siab tshaj 16000 rpm / min.
(2) Kub: Qee cov qauv (xws li cov protein, cov hlwb, thiab lwm yam) yuav raug puas tsuaj nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig kub, yog li koj yuav tsum xaiv lub centrifuge tub yees. Lub tub yees centrifuge muaj qhov ntsuas kub ntau. Thaum lub centrifuge khiav ntawm kev kub ceev, lub tshav kub generated los ntawm lub centrifuge yog sib npaug nrog lub tub yees system ntawm lub centrifuge ntawm ib tug tej yam kub thiab txias (feem ntau, cov qauv rau tub yees centrifugation yuav tsum tau khaws cia ntawm 3P ~ 8 ° C). Tus nqi tshwj xeeb kuj muaj feem xyuam nrog lub rotor, xws li lub centrifuge. Qhov ntsuas kub ntau yog -10P ~ 60 ° C. Thaum lub rotor kab rov tav ntsia, nws tuaj yeem ncav cuag li 37% thaum nws tig. Yog tias nws yog lub kaum sab xis rotor, nws tsuas yog ncav cuag li 7P.
(3) Muaj peev xwm: Muaj pes tsawg tus qauv raj yuav tsum tau centrifuged txhua zaus? Muaj peev xwm npaum li cas txhua tus qauv raj xav tau? Cov xwm txheej no txiav txim siab tag nrho lub peev xwm ntawm lub centrifuge. Cias muab, tag nrho lub peev xwm ntawm lub centrifuge=lub peev xwm ntawm txhua centrifuge raj X tus naj npawb ntawm centrifuge raj. Lub peev xwm tag nrho yog qhov loj ntawm cov khoom ua haujlwm.
14) Rotor: Muaj ob hom centrifuge rotors. Kab rov tav rotor: Lub pob tawb dai nyob rau hauv kab rov tav lub sijhawm ua haujlwm thiab nyob ntawm txoj cai kaum rau lub ncej. Cov qauv no tsom rau cov av hauv qab ntawm lub centrifuge raj: Lub kaum sab xis rotor: Lub thawv centrifuge thiab cov ncej yog nyob rau ntawm lub kaum sab xis, cov qauv concentrates cov sediment nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub centrifuge raj thiab sab phab ntsa ze rau hauv qab. Yog tias koj xav kom cov qauv sib cais kom mloog zoo rau hauv qab ntawm lub centrifuge raj, xaiv lub rotor kab rov tav. Yog tias koj xav kom tus qauv tsom mus rau hauv qab ntawm lub centrifuge raj thiab lub sidewall nyob ze rau hauv qab, xaiv lub angular rotor.
Kuj tseem muaj qee qhov kev kuaj tshwj xeeb lossis cov qauv tshwj xeeb uas xav tau tshwj xeeb rotors, xws li: lub peev xwm loj dai pob tawb (feem ntau yog siv hauv cov chaw kho ntshav), enzyme phaj rotors, iav swb rotors, PCR rotors, xeem raj khib rotors, capillary rotors, thiab lwm yam. . Lub rotor muaj qhov tshwj xeeb ruaj khov, uas yog ua ke nrog lub peev xwm ntawm lub centrifuge, xws li 36X5 ml lub kaum sab xis rotor, uas txiav txim siab hom rotor thiab lub peev xwm ntawm lub centrifuge, yog li kev xaiv ntawm rotor yog qhov tseem ceeb heev.
⑸Control system: Tag nrho cov high-end centrifuges txais microcomputer tswj tshuab. Cov kev tswj hwm no tuaj yeem tsis tsuas yog ua kom muaj kev nyab xeeb ntawm lub centrifuge, tab sis kuj ua tiav cov haujlwm tiav. Ntau lub centrifuges tam sim no muaj kev tswj hwm tib neeg zoo dua. Piv txwv li: rotor kev txheeb xyuas muaj nuj nqi, kev ruaj ntseg xauv muaj nuj nqi, ua txhaum sai sai, acceleration thiab deceleration nkhaus, thiab lwm yam.
Ntxiv rau cov ntsiab lus saum toj no, peb yuav tsum xyuam xim rau qee cov ntsiab lus thiab cov khoom siv tsim nyog. Lub ntsiab tseem ceeb ntawm lub centrifuge yog lub cev muaj zog. Lub cev muaj zog tau muab faib ua lub cev muaj zog nrog cov txhuam hniav thiab lub tshuab tsis txhuam. Cov qub tau raug tshem tawm. Feem ntau ntawm cov centrifuges tam sim no yog brushless motors, thiab ib co motors kuj muaj ib tug nres muaj nuj nqi.
Cov tub yees centrifuges kuj txawv ntawm cov tub yees. Tam sim no ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg thev naus laus zis yog qhov tseeb CFC-dawb tub yees. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov teeb meem suab nrov yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab, thiab sim xaiv lub suab nrov qis centrifuge, kom tswj tau qhov chaw sim zoo.
Ceev faj txog cov khoom siv. Qee qhov kev sim yuav tsum tau siv cov raj centrifuge tshwj xeeb (cov qauv tshuaj lom centrifuge lossis cov qauv uas xav tau ultra-high-speed centrifugation). Xws li cov centrifuge raj yuav tsum tau nruab nrog lub tes tsho sib xws kom muaj kev nyab xeeb dua.
Qhov sib txawv ntawm centrifuges rau kev sim sib txawv
①Ordinary (tsis yog tub yees) centrifuges Hom centrifuge no muaj cov qauv yooj yim thiab tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom: me me desktop thiab pem teb-sawv. Nws yog nruab nrog lub cev muaj zog, lub tshuab hluav taws xob ceev, lub sijhawm ua haujlwm, thiab lwm yam, thiab yooj yim rau kev khiav lag luam. Qhov ceev ntawm qis-ceev centrifuge feem ntau tsis tshaj 4000rpm, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov lus saum toj kawg nkaus high-speed centrifuge tuaj yeem ncav cuag 18000rpm.
②Qhov ceev ntawm cov tub yees txias centrifuge feem ntau tsis tshaj 4000rpm, thiab lub peev xwm siab tshaj plaws yog 2 ~ 4L. Nws yog feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv lub chaw soj nstuam rau ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm thawj biological macromolecules, sediments, thiab lwm yam, raws li. Nws tig
Muaj ob hom centrifuge raj, uas yog ua los ntawm txhuas alloy, hom tiaj tiaj thiab lub kaum sab xis, nrog cov iav tawv, polyethylene tawv yas thiab stainless hlau raj. Lub centrifuge yog nruab nrog lub cev muaj zog, timer, thiab regulator
(Speed indicator) thiab tub yees system (kub adjustable range yog -20^+40seven), raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov khoom siv centrifugal, lub rotor ntawm lub peev xwm sib txawv thiab ntau hom kev ceev tuaj yeem hloov pauv.
® Qhov ceev ntawm cov tub yees txias centrifuge siab ceev tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 20,000 rpm. Ntxiv rau qhov kev ua tau zoo thiab cov qauv ntawm lub tub yees qis qis, lub kaum sab xis rotors siv nyob rau hauv high-speed centrifuge yog tag nrho ua los ntawm titanium alloy thiab aluminium alloy. Lub centrifuge raj yog ua los ntawm polyethylene tawv yas nrog lub hau. Hom centrifuge no feem ntau yog siv los sau cov kab mob, cov khib nyiab ntawm tes, cov hlwb, cov organelles loj, sulfuric acid precipitates, thiab immunoprecipitates.
@Ultracentrifuge kev sib hloov ceev tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau dua 30,000 rpm, uas tuaj yeem faib cov kabmob subcellular thiab siv rau kev txiav txim siab ntawm cov protein thiab nucleic acid molecular hnyav. Lub rotor yog ua los ntawm lub zog muaj zog titanium alloy, uas tuaj yeem hloov tau nrog lub peev xwm sib txawv thiab ntau hom kev ceev rotors raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua. Muaj ob hom ntawm ultracentrifuge motors, ib qho yog qhov ncaj qha ceev ntawm lub zaus-modulated lub cev muaj zog, thiab lwm yam yog qhov ceev-up los ntawm qhov sib txawv-ceev gearbox. Txhawm rau kom tsis txhob muaj cua sov ntawm lub cev muaj zog thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm siab, lub tshuab cua txias (cua txias, dej txias), kev txwv ceev, timer, ceev recorder, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub ultracentrifuge tseem muaj lub tshuab nqus tsev vacuum.
